Peer-reviewed research concerning reproductive, summarized and appraised in plain language with every source cited.
This 2024 update to the American Urological Association (AUA) and American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) guideline reviewed new evidence on male infertility to refine recommendations for evaluation and management.…
This study set out to find out whether men actually use scrotal cooling devices as directed, and what happened to their semen results when they did. Forty men attending a…
This study tested whether a specially designed cooling garment could lower scrotal skin temperature during ordinary daily life. Three volunteer urologists wore it, with a cold pack inside that was…
This study set out to find which stage of sperm production is most sensitive to mild heat. Five healthy volunteers wore a specially designed underwear that held the testicles up…
This study asked what a mild, sustained rise in testicular temperature does to the chromosomes inside sperm. Five fertile volunteers wore specially designed underwear that held the testicles up against…
This study set out to see what sustained scrotal heating does to semen and to the sperm's genetic material in fertile men. Nineteen healthy volunteers wore a warming belt at…
This study looked at what sustained scrotal heating does to semen and to the sperm's genetic material in already fertile men. Twenty-five healthy volunteers wore a warming belt at 40…
It has been suggested that cycling warms the testicles as a ride goes on, and that this in turn harms semen quality. This study tested the first half of that…
This study set out to measure how long it takes for human sperm to be produced and ejaculated, a process traditionally estimated at 60 to 70 days. Researchers used a…
This study looked at whether cooling the scrotum overnight improves semen quality in men with a history of undescended testicles and a low sperm count, a group with few options…
This study set out to measure how much using a laptop on your lap raises scrotal temperature, a known risk factor for male infertility. Researchers measured scrotal temperature in 29…
This study looked at whether reducing genital heat could improve semen quality in men with a poor sperm count, poor movement and abnormal shape. It compared those men against men…
This study set out to test whether driving a car for long stretches raises scrotal temperature, a known risk factor for sperm health. Nine men had their scrotal temperature measured…
This study set out to test whether cooling the scrotum could improve semen in men with a low sperm count or poor sperm movement. Fifty such men wore jockey shorts…
This study looked at whether cooling the scrotum could improve semen quality in men whose infertility came with a raised testicular temperature. Six men with poor semen results and a…
This study set out to measure how long sperm take to develop in men. The researchers injected tritiated thymidine, a radioactive marker, into the testicle, then took biopsies at intervals…