Peer-reviewed research on testicular temperature, thermal exposure, scrotal cooling, and their observed relationship with male reproductive health.
This review looked at whether the underwear a man wears, tight versus loose, actually affects his fertility. The testicles work best a little cooler than the rest of the body,…
This review gathers recent evidence on what damages male fertility and how much of it can be undone. Smoking raises sperm DNA fragmentation (breaks in the genetic material inside sperm)…
This is a narrative review, which means the authors gathered and discussed existing work rather than running a study of their own. It asks whether the damage COVID-19 does to…
This review pulled together what is known about how everyday life affects a man's fertility, covering age, psychological stress, nutrition, physical activity, caffeine, scrotal temperature, hot water and mobile phone…
This is a history of forty years of French research into male contraception (hormonal, chemical and thermal) summarising clinical trials involving thousands of men and couples. Those trials established that…
This review gathers what is known about why heat harms sperm production, and how. It sets out the things that raise testicular temperature, from the surroundings a man is in…
This lecture is the field's own summary of why the testicles sit outside the body and what happens when they get warm. It sets out the evidence that the testes…