Scientific reports2016n = 2,600 cases and 867 controls
Meta AnalysisHuman
This study set out to see whether zinc in semen is linked to male infertility and whether zinc supplements improve sperm. It pooled 20 studies, comparing zinc levels and sperm…
Reproduction, fertility, and development2016n = 16 heated and 4 controls, then 6 heated and 6 controls
Animal
This experiment followed what whole-body heat does to sperm as they are made, in laboratory mice. Adult males were held at 37 to 38 degrees Celsius (98.6 to 100.4 degrees…
Andrology2016n = 20
RCTHuman
This study set out to see what repeated heat does to sperm. Twenty men with normal semen results were randomly split into two groups, and both had their testicles warmed…
Sleep2016n = 796 initially, 656 followed up
CohortHuman
This study looked at how sleep duration relates to semen quality and reproductive hormones in young men. It recruited 796 male college students in Chongqing, China and followed up 656…