Peer-reviewed research on testosterone, hormonal regulation, age-related change, and the lifestyle factors associated with male endocrine health.
This review looked at how to tailor injectable testosterone therapy for men with confirmed hypogonadism, meaning the testicles do not make enough testosterone, causing symptoms such as low libido, fatigue…
This review looked at how aging affects men's hormones, sleep, and metabolism, centering on two kinds of hypogonadism (when the testicles do not make enough testosterone, causing symptoms like low…
This is a narrative review (an expert summary of existing research, not a new experiment) asking whether testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) could help men with low testosterone hold onto muscle…
This review gathers recent evidence on what damages male fertility and how much of it can be undone. Smoking raises sperm DNA fragmentation (breaks in the genetic material inside sperm)…
This review set out to examine how heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium affect sperm quality and male fertility, focusing on their role in oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalance.…
This narrative review looked at the use, benefits, and safety of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men aged 40-49 with low testosterone. It synthesized findings from randomized controlled trials and…
This is a narrative review, which means the authors gathered and discussed existing work rather than running a study of their own. It asks whether the damage COVID-19 does to…
This review looked at the link between obesity and low testosterone in men, focusing on how weight affects hormone levels and what treatments might help. It examined studies on men…
This review gathers what is known about why heat harms sperm production, and how. It sets out the things that raise testicular temperature, from the surroundings a man is in…
This review looked at how heat stress on the testicles affects semen quality in men. It examined studies on factors like prolonged sitting, tight underwear, sauna use, and fever, and…
This study reviewed how the scrotum's role in keeping the testicles cooler than core body temperature affects sperm production. It looked at evidence from men with conditions like undescended testicles…
This lecture is the field's own summary of why the testicles sit outside the body and what happens when they get warm. It sets out the evidence that the testes…