Peer-reviewed research concerning endocrine, summarized and appraised in plain language with every source cited.
This study set out to clarify how testosterone levels change after a single bout of exercise, given conflicting findings in past research. It reviewed 15 randomized controlled trials with 251…
This study looked at how a man's testosterone and SHBG relate to where his body stores fat. SHBG, or sex hormone-binding globulin, is a protein that binds testosterone and sets…
This study looked at whether a man's TyG index tracks with his risk of low testosterone as he ages. The TyG index is a simple score figured from fasting blood…
This study looked at whether low testosterone in middle-aged and older men is tied to worse blood vessel health through effects on mitochondria, the tiny power plants inside cells. Researchers…
This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to see whether vitamin D supplements raise testosterone or related markers in men. It pooled randomized trials measuring total testosterone, SHBG (sex hormone-binding…
This systematic review set out to assess how GLP-1 receptor agonists (a class of diabetes and weight-loss drugs) affect male reproductive hormones, semen quality, and metabolic health. It pooled data…
This study looked at what drives low testosterone in U.S. men, going beyond aging to include habits and life circumstances. It analyzed over 10,000 men aged 18 and up from…
This study set out to explore how obesity and chronic inflammation relate to testosterone levels in men. It analyzed data from over 7,400 adult men in the US, using body…
This study tested whether CoQ10, L-carnitine (an amino-acid-like nutrient the body uses to turn fat into energy), or both together improve semen quality in men with low sperm count, poor…
This study looked at whether vitamin D changes how well metformin (a common diabetes drug that lowers blood sugar) can bring down prolactin (a pituitary hormone that suppresses testosterone when…
This review looked at how to tailor injectable testosterone therapy for men with confirmed hypogonadism, meaning the testicles do not make enough testosterone, causing symptoms such as low libido, fatigue…
This study built a better way to read testosterone in men, especially men with obesity, by accounting for SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin, a protein that binds testosterone and sets how…
This study tested whether pairing intermittent fasting with weightlifting improves body composition in obese men. It randomly assigned 20 obese men aged 20 to 30 to either a normal diet…
This is a narrative review (an expert summary of existing research, not a new experiment) asking whether testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) could help men with low testosterone hold onto muscle…
This study looked at how depression, testosterone levels, and shift work are linked in men with symptoms of low testosterone. It reviewed medical records and survey data from 766 men…
This review looked at how aging affects men's hormones, sleep, and metabolism, centering on two kinds of hypogonadism (when the testicles do not make enough testosterone, causing symptoms like low…