CohortHumann = 1,292 (53% women)2025South Korea

Sex-specific associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with incident sarcopenia in older adults: A 2-year follow-up study.

Journal: The journal of nutrition, health & agingPublished: 2025DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100713

Plain-language summary

This study looked at whether vitamin D levels in the blood are linked to developing sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss) in older adults. It followed 1,292 Korean adults aged 70-84 without sarcopenia at the start, measuring their vitamin D levels and tracking muscle mass, strength, and physical performance over two years. It found that men with lower vitamin D levels were more likely to develop sarcopenia, while women showed no clear link. Higher vitamin D was tied to better muscle mass in men and better physical performance in women, suggesting vitamin D may help slow muscle decline differently by sex.

Key findings

  • Men with higher vitamin D levels had a lower risk of developing sarcopenia over two years.
  • Women showed no significant link between vitamin D levels and sarcopenia risk.
  • Higher vitamin D was tied to better muscle mass in men and better physical performance in women.

How to analyze the study yourself

Study type
Cohort studies are good at tracking how factors like vitamin D relate to outcomes over time, but they cannot prove cause and effect.
Population
Older Korean adults (70-84 years), mostly women (53%).
Funding
Not reported
Watch for
This study found that older men with higher vitamin D levels were less likely to lose muscle over two years. If you are an older man, it may be worth checking your vitamin D and topping up if low, as it could help preserve muscle.