CohortHumann = 1,316 men (434 inactive, 430 low-activity, 452 moderate-activity)2026China

Moderate-intensity physical activity is associated with favorable semen-parameter changes and normalization of selected abnormalities in men with impaired semen quality.

Journal: Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&EPublished: 2026DOI: 10.1186/s12958-026-01585-2

Plain-language summary

This study looked at whether the intensity of physical activity affects semen quality in men who already have impaired sperm health. It followed over 1,300 men undergoing fertility evaluations, each with at least one abnormal semen measure, tracking their self-reported activity and semen changes over three months. Men who did moderate-intensity activity showed better sperm concentration, motility, shape, and DNA integrity than inactive men, with the biggest gain in total moving sperm. Light activity did not consistently help. Moderate exercise was also tied to a better chance of some abnormal sperm measures returning to normal.

Key findings

  • Moderate-intensity physical activity was linked to 51% higher total progressively motile sperm count compared to inactivity.
  • Moderate activity was tied to better sperm concentration, motility, normal morphology, and DNA fragmentation index.
  • Men doing moderate activity had higher odds of normalizing low sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and abnormal morphology.
  • Low-intensity activity showed no consistent benefits.

How to analyze the study yourself

Study type
Cohort studies track groups over time to spot associations but cannot prove cause and effect, especially when exposure is self-reported.
Population
Men with impaired semen quality at baseline, all receiving standardized lifestyle counseling but no assigned exercise program.
Funding
Not reported
Watch for
This study found that moderate exercise, but not light activity, was tied to better sperm health in men with fertility issues. If you are trying to conceive and have subpar semen numbers, it may be worth adding brisk walks, cycling, or similar moderate efforts to your routine.